Procedures
1. Venous Sinus Stenting (Refractory Intracranial Hypertension)
Procedure Overview
A stent is placed in narrowed venous sinuses of the brain to improve blood outflow and reduce intracranial pressure.
Procedure Preparation
MRI/MRV and venography
Pressure gradient measurement
Blood tests and ophthalmic evaluation
Consent
Pre-Treatment Procedure
Assessment of vision and symptoms
Confirmation of venous sinus stenosis
Stabilization of intracranial pressure
Post-Treatment Care
Monitoring neurological and visual status
Antiplatelet therapy
Follow-up imaging
Procedure Benefits
Relieves headache and vision problems
Prevents vision loss
Minimally invasive
Improves quality of life
2. Vein of Galen Malformation (VOGM) Embolisation
Procedure Overview
Endovascular embolisation to block abnormal blood vessels in vein of Galen malformation, usually in infants or children.
Procedure Preparation
MRI/CT and angiography
Cardiac and neurological assessment
Blood work
Consent from guardians
Pre-Treatment Procedure
Evaluation of heart failure and neurological status
Planning staged embolisation
Stabilization in ICU if needed
Post-Treatment Care
NICU/ICU monitoring
Developmental follow-up
Repeat embolisation if required
Procedure Benefits
Life-saving in critical cases
Reduces abnormal blood flow
Improves neurological outcomes
Avoids open surgery
3. Carotid Cavernous Fistula (CCF) Coiling & Embolisation
Procedure Overview
A minimally invasive technique using coils or embolic agents to close abnormal connections between carotid artery and cavernous sinus.
Procedure Preparation
CT/MRI and angiography
Eye examination
Blood tests
Consent
Pre-Treatment Procedure
Assessment of vision and eye symptoms
Localization of fistula
Hemodynamic stabilization
Post-Treatment Care
Monitoring vision and neurological status
Follow-up imaging
Symptom resolution tracking
Procedure Benefits
Relieves eye redness, swelling, and vision issues
Prevents complications
Minimally invasive with high success rate
4. Intrasaccular Devices for Brain Aneurysms (WEB, Contour)
Procedure Overview
Devices like WEB or Contour are placed داخل aneurysm sac to block blood flow and prevent rupture.
Procedure Preparation
CT angiography / DSA
Blood investigations
Assessment of aneurysm size and location
Consent
Pre-Treatment Procedure
Risk assessment for rupture
Planning device size and approach
Stabilization of patient
Post-Treatment Care
Neurological monitoring
Follow-up angiography
Medication if required
Procedure Benefits
Prevents aneurysm rupture
Minimally invasive
Reduced need for long-term medication
Short recovery time
5. Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma
Procedure Overview
Chemotherapy is delivered directly into the ophthalmic artery to treat eye cancer (retinoblastoma).
Procedure Preparation
Eye examination under anesthesia
Imaging studies
Blood tests
Consent from guardians
Pre-Treatment Procedure
Tumor staging
Planning drug dosage
Patient stabilization
Post-Treatment Care
Eye monitoring
Repeat treatment cycles
Vision assessment
Procedure Benefits
Targeted therapy with fewer side effects
Eye and vision preservation
Reduced systemic toxicity
6. Preoperative Embolisation (Brain, Neck, Spine Tumors)
Procedure Overview
Tumor blood supply is blocked before surgery to reduce bleeding during tumor removal.
Procedure Preparation
MRI/CT and angiography
Blood work
Surgical planning
Consent
Pre-Treatment Procedure
Identification of tumor feeders
Hemodynamic assessment
Stabilization
Post-Treatment Care
Monitoring before surgery
Proceed to planned tumor surgery
Imaging if needed
Procedure Benefits
Reduces surgical blood loss
Improves surgical safety
Shortens operative time
7. Percutaneous Vertebroplasty / Kyphoplasty / Spinal Biopsy
Procedure Overview
Minimally invasive procedures to stabilize vertebral fractures or obtain tissue samples using needle-based techniques.
Procedure Preparation
Spine imaging (MRI/CT/X-ray)
Blood tests
Pain assessment
Consent
Pre-Treatment Procedure
Localization of affected vertebra
Assessment of fracture or lesion
Patient positioning
Post-Treatment Care
Pain monitoring
Early mobilization
Follow-up imaging
Procedure Benefits
Rapid pain relief
Spine stabilization
Minimally invasive
Quick recovery
8. Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling (IPSS)
Procedure Overview
A diagnostic procedure to measure hormone levels from veins draining the pituitary gland to identify source of Cushing’s syndrome.
Procedure Preparation
Hormonal evaluation
Blood tests
Imaging of pituitary
Consent
Pre-Treatment Procedure
Catheter placement planning
Baseline hormone sampling
Patient stabilization
Post-Treatment Care
Monitoring for complications
Hormonal result interpretation
Endocrinology follow-up
Procedure Benefits
Accurate diagnosis of hormone source
Guides treatment planning
Minimally invasive diagnostic tool